Chemical Used for Manufacturing Tablet

Two types of chemical is used for manufacturing a table

     1. Active ingredients

     2. Excipients

1. Active ingredients: the active or necessary chemical for a specific medicine. As an example, for SILPOL (paracetamol) tablet the active ingredient is paracetamol.

2.  Excipients

Regardless of how tablets are manufactured, conventional oral tablets for ingestion usually contains the same classes of components in addition to the active ingredients, which are one or more agents functioning as:

                A • Diluents

                B • Binder or an adhesive

               C • Disintegrate

               D • Lubricant

In some tablet formulations may additionally require a flow promoter other more optional components include colorants and in chewable tablets, flavors and sweetness. All non-drug components of a formula are termed excipients. Some common tablet excipients are given below:

A. Diluents

 Microcrystalline cellulose, often referred to by the trade name Avicel, is a direct compression. Two tablets grades exist p1-1101 (powder) and pH 102 (granules).The flow properties of the materials are generally good and the direct compression characteristics are excellent. This is some what unique diluents in that while producing cohesive compacts, the materials also act as a disintegrating agent. It is however; relatively expensive used as diluents in high concentration and is thus typically combined with other material. As in the case of starch, microcrystalline cellulose is often added to tablet formulation for several possible functions. It is commonly employed exipients.

B. Binders and Adhesives

These materials are added either up or in liquid form during wet granulation to form granules or to promote cohesive compressed tablets.

C. Disintegrates

A disintegrate is added to most tablet formulation to facilitate a breakup or disintegration of the tablet when it contacts water in the gastrointestinal tract.

D. Lubricant, Antiadherent and Glidants

Lubricants are intended to reduced the friction during tablet ejection between the walls of the tablet and the die cavity in which the tablet was formed

Antiadherents have the purpose of reducing sticking or adhesion of any of the tablet granulation or powder to the faces of punches or to the die wall.

Glidants are intended to promote flow of tablet granulation or powder materials by reducing friction between the particles.

E. Colors, Flavors and Sweeteners

Colors are used for disguising of off-color drugs, product identification.

 Flavors are usually limited to chewable tablets and uses only for good flavors.

Sweeteners used for sweetening the tablet. Sugar coating is the example of sweeteners tablet.