Two types of chemical
is used for manufacturing a table
1. Active ingredients
2. Excipients
1.
Active ingredients: the active or necessary chemical for a
specific medicine. As an example, for SILPOL (paracetamol) tablet the active
ingredient is paracetamol.
2.
Excipients
Regardless of how tablets are manufactured, conventional oral tablets for
ingestion usually contains the same classes of components in addition to the
active ingredients, which are one or more agents functioning as:
A • Diluents
B • Binder or an
adhesive
C • Disintegrate
D • Lubricant
In some tablet formulations may additionally require a flow promoter
other more optional components include colorants and in chewable tablets,
flavors and sweetness. All non-drug components of a formula are termed
excipients. Some common tablet excipients are given below:
A. Diluents
Microcrystalline cellulose, often
referred to by the trade name Avicel, is a direct compression. Two tablets
grades exist p1-1101 (powder) and pH 102 (granules).The flow properties of the
materials are generally good and the direct compression characteristics are
excellent. This is some what unique diluents in that while producing cohesive
compacts, the materials also act as a disintegrating agent. It is however;
relatively expensive used as diluents in high concentration and is thus
typically combined with other material. As in the case of starch,
microcrystalline cellulose is often added to tablet formulation for several
possible functions. It is commonly employed exipients.
B. Binders and Adhesives
These materials are added either up or in liquid form during wet
granulation to form granules or to promote cohesive compressed tablets.
C. Disintegrates
A disintegrate is added to most tablet formulation to facilitate a
breakup or disintegration of the tablet when it contacts water in the
gastrointestinal tract.
D. Lubricant, Antiadherent and
Glidants
Lubricants are intended to reduced the friction during tablet ejection
between the walls of the tablet and the die cavity in which the tablet was
formed
Antiadherents have the purpose of reducing sticking or adhesion of any of
the tablet granulation or powder to the faces of punches or to the die wall.
Glidants are intended to promote flow of tablet granulation or powder
materials by reducing friction between the particles.
E.
Colors, Flavors and Sweeteners
Colors are used for disguising of off-color drugs, product
identification.
Flavors are usually limited to
chewable tablets and uses only for good flavors.
Sweeteners used for sweetening the tablet. Sugar coating is the example
of sweeteners tablet.
